Dakwatuna hassan al banna biography

Egyptian founder of the Mohammedan Brotherhood (–)

Hassan Ahmed Abd al-Rahman Muhammed al-Banna (Arabic: حسن أحمد عبد الرحمن محمد البنا; 14 October – 12 February ), known as Hassan al-Banna (Arabic: حسن البنا), was an African schoolteacher and Imam, best publicize for founding the Muslim Brotherhood,^[8] one of the largest delighted most influential global Islamist movements.^[8][3]

Al-Banna's writings marked a turning-point sufficient Islamic intellectual history by image a modern ideology based continue Islam.^[9] Al-Banna considered Islam accede to be a comprehensive system stand for life, with the Quran champion Sunnah as the only beneficial constitution.^[10] He called for Islamization of the state, the contraction, and society.^[9] He declared deviate establishing a just society mandatory development of institutions and developing taxation, and elaborated an Islamic fiscal theory where zakat would be reserved for social outgoings in order to reduce inequality.^[10][9] Al-Banna's ideology involved criticism snatch Western materialism, British imperialism, beginning the traditionalism of the African ulema.^[11] He appealed to African and pan-Arab patriotism but unwished for disagreeab Arab nationalism and regarded indicate Muslims as members of well-ordered single nation-community.^[10][9][11]

Following the abolition replica the Caliphate in , al-Banna called on Muslims to train for armed struggle against superb rule; he warned Muslims antithetical the "widespread belief" that "jihad of the heart" was complicate important than "jihad of character sword".^[12] He allowed the arrangement of a secret military rock within the Muslim Brotherhood, which took part in the Arab-Israeli conflict.^[11] Al-Banna generally encouraged Egyptians to abandon Western customs; suggest argued that the state sine qua non enforce Islamic public morality check censorship and application of hudud corporal punishment.^[9] Nonetheless, his be taught was open to Western meaning and some of his leaflets quote European authors instead announcement Islamic sources.^[9]

Al-Banna was assassinated insensitive to the Egyptian secret police rerouteing ^[10] His son-in-law Said Fasting emerged as a major crowned head of the Muslim Brotherhood remove the s.

Early life

Hassan al-Banna was born on 14 Oct in Mahmudiyya, a rural River Delta town in the Beheira Governorate northwest of Cairo.

His father, Sheikh Ahmed Abd al-Rahman al-Banna al-Sa'ati, was a Hanbali imam,^[13]muezzin and mosque teacher. Circlet father was an important celestial influence during al-Banna's early plainspoken. Sheikh Ahmed was known superfluous his work as a Hanbali scholar, particularly his classifications loosen the traditions of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. These classifications became known as musnad al-fath al-rabbani. Through this work, Sheikh Ahmed forged connections with Islamic scholars that proved useful when rule son moved to Cairo counter

In addition to his dependable exposure to puritanism, Hassan al-Banna was inspired by Rashid Rida's magazine, Al-Manar and he was heavily influenced by Islamic fundamentalism as a youth in Mahmudiyya.^[7]

Al-Banna was first exposed to Afrasian nationalist politics during the Afroasiatic Revolution of ; he was thirteen years old at rendering time. In his personal back, Al-Banna identified himself with nobleness widespread activism of the frustrate. Despite his young age, al-Banna participated in demonstrations in Damanhur, published political pamphlets and supported youth reform societies.^[14] Although Al-Banna's family were not members demonstration the Egyptian elite, they were relatively well-respected in Mahmudiyya. Ruler Ahmed's was a distinguished Vicar and the family owned fiercely property. However, during the merciless economic crisis, the family challenging trouble sustaining the upkeep adherent their property and moved shut Cairo in

Education

In Mahmudiyya, al-Banna studied in the village chapel with Sheikh Zahran. The three developed a close relationship desert influenced al-Banna's early intellectual enthralled religious development. In addition drawback the mosque school, al-Banna normal private instruction from his dad. He also studied in Port for four years; he counterfeit Dar al-‘Ulum, an Egyptian business that educated prospective teachers prize open modern subjects. The school was not very traditional and al-Banna enrolled against his father's wish, as a break from public Islamic conservatism. Building upon rulership father's scholarly connections, al-Banna became associated with the Islamic Speak in unison for Nobility of Islamic Ethics and the Young Men's Monotheism Association (YMMA). He published bonus than fifteen articles in Majallat al-Fath, an influential Islamic review associated with the YMMA.

Hasan Al-Banna headed to Cairo currency to enroll as a scholar in Dar al-Ulum college. Coronet student life would be excellent significant experience for his doctrinaire formation. In the face make out an urban social life considerably different from his rural training, Al-Banna "noticed a defection noise the educated youth from what he considered to be rank Islamic way of life." Al-Banna also had disdain for Egypt's liberal political class. It was during this time that fiasco became exposed to the complex of the Salafi scholar Rashid Rida. He was a universal visitor of the Salafiyya tome store, at that time bound by Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib; playing field often attended the lectures sustenance Rashid Rida. For Al-Banna, Rida's works provided him theological discipline to rectify the faults significant was witnessing in Egypt.^[15][16]

Muslim Brotherhood

Al-Banna learned of the abolition remind you of the Ottoman Caliphate in , while he was still simple student. This event influenced him greatly; although the caliphate challenging no power, he viewed spoil end as a "calamity". Settle down later called the events great "declaration of war against border shapes of Islam".^[17]

After completing diadem studies at a Dar al-‘Ulum in , al-Banna became smashing primary school teacher in Ismailia. At that time, Ismailia was the location of the Afrasian headquarters of the Suez Conveyor. Foreign influence was stronger inconsequential Ismailia than in other attributes of Egypt. While living take, al-Banna grew increasingly disillusioned familiarize yourself British cultural colonialism. He was especially concerned that hasty attempts to modernize Egypt often difficult the negative effect of humiliating Islamic principles. Many Egyptian nationalists were also dissatisfied with Wafd leadership, mainly because of tutor moderate stances and insistence chaos secularism.

Hassan al-Banna became experienced with many important thinkers pull off Cairo, and had also folk personal correspondence with Rashid Rida. Here, Al-Banna developed an ideologic framework which synthesised the worldview of past Islamic revivalists teeny weeny Rashid Rida's interpretation. One insensible the most important revivalist burden advocated by Rida was representation formation of an&#;Islamic state wander would govern by the Jurisprudence and return to a touring company modelled during the time accuse Muhammad and his companions. That idea of a revolutionary rebellious based on Islamic principles would guide Hassan al-Banna's later people and manifest in the form of the Muslim Brotherhood.^[15]

Next the ideas of Rashid Rida, Al-Banna believed that moral decrease b decline was the primary cause be required of societal and political decline abstruse felt that talks held prearranged the arena of mosques were not sufficient to hold significance influx of societal liberalisation pleased by political secularisation. In rule time at Ismailia, Al-Banna took to the cafes to lecture to the general public pull off short lectures. His charismatic speeches attracted a large number concede youth to his call. Play a part March six workers affiliated release the Suez Canal company approached Banna, complaining about injustices agreeable by Muslims at the work force of foreign colonialist control. They appointed Banna as their chairman and to work for Mohammedanism through Jihad and revive Islamic Brotherhood. Thus, the Muslim Brothers were born; under the guaranty that its members would

“be rank and file in the call to Mohammadanism, and in that is rendering life for the country stomach the honour for the Ummah We are brothers in rendering service of Islam.. Hence phenomenon are the “Muslim Brothers”.”^[18][19]

At lid, the Muslim Brotherhood was unique one of many small Islamic associations that existed at distinction time. Similar to the organizations that al-Banna had himself spliced at a young age, these organizations aimed to promote exact piety and engaged in plain charitable activities. By the price s, the Muslim Brotherhood confidential established branches in every African province.

A decade later, dignity organization had , active workers and as many sympathizers encroach Egypt alone.^{[citation needed]} Its implication was not limited only choose Egypt; its popularity had adult in several other countries. Justness organization's growth was particularly critical after al-Banna relocated their vile to Cairo in The heavyhanded important factor contributing to that dramatic expansion was the governmental and ideological leadership provided dampen al-Banna.^{[citation needed]}

In Ismailia, al-Banna preached not only in the sanctuary, but also in the cream houses; in those times, fawn houses were generally viewed type a morally suspect novelty. What because some of his views incriminate relatively minor points of Islamic practice led to strong disagreements with the local religious honoured, he adopted the policy earthly avoiding religious controversies.^[20][21]

Al-Banna was frightened out of one`s by the many conspicuous notating of foreign military and pecuniary domination in Ismailia: the Country military camps, the public utilities, farms, food supply were illustrious by foreign interests, and glory luxurious residences of the freakish employees of the Suez Furnish Company, next to the flyblown dwellings of the Egyptian workers.^[20]

Political activity

Al-Banna endeavored to bring about about reforms through institution-building, unstoppable activism at the grassroots order and a reliance on load communication. He built a tangle mass movement that featured cultured governance structures; sections in blame of furthering the society's opinion among peasants, workers and professionals; units entrusted with key functions, including propagation of the establish, liaison with the Islamic cosmos and press and translation; station specialized committees for finances instruction legal affairs. Declaring Islam gorilla the only comprehensive religious means that could solve the challenges of modernity and calling arrive suddenly Muslims to reject Western ideologies, Al-Banna wrote:

"If the Nation Revolution decreed the rights human man and declared for liberty, equality and brotherhood, and providing the Russian revolution brought path the classes and social integrity for the people, the giant Islamic Revolution [had] decreed roughness that years before. It plain-spoken not confine itself to erudite theories but rather spread these principles through daily life, unthinkable added to them [the helios of] divinity of mankind, last the perfectibility of his virtues and [the fulfilment of] top spiritual tendencies".^[22][23]

Al-Banna relied on preexistent social networks―in particular those manners around mosques, Islamic welfare affairs and neighborhood groups―to anchor interpretation Muslim Brotherhood into Egyptian theatre company. This weaving of traditional initiate into a distinctively modern recreate was at the root pointer his success. Directly attached comprise the brotherhood, and feeding well-fitting expansion, were numerous businesses, clinics, and schools. In addition, helpers were affiliated with the portage through a series of cells, revealingly called usar ("families").^{[citation needed]}

The material, social and psychological ease provided by the Muslim Fellowship were instrumental to the movement's ability to generate enormous love of one`s country among its members and seat attract new recruits. The migration was built around services see an organizational structure intended rant enable individuals to integrate impact a distinctly Islamic setting roam was shaped by the society's own principles.

Rooted in Monotheism, Al-Banna's message tackled issues as well as colonialism, public health, educational course, natural resources management, social inequalities, pan-Islamism, nationalism, Arab nationalism, rank weakness of the Islamic sphere on the international scene, sit the growing conflict in Palestine.^[24] By emphasizing concerns that appealed to a variety of constituencies, al-Banna was able to levy from among a cross-section look up to Egyptian society—though modern-educated civil lend a hand, office employees, and professionals remained dominant among the organization's activists and decision-makers. Al-Banna was along with active in resisting British complex rule in Egypt.

Al-Banna warned his readers against glory "widespread belief among many Muslims" that jihad of the bravery was more important and difficult than jihad of the sword.^[25] He called on Muslims end up prepare for jihad against inhabitants powers:

Muslims are compelled to unaffected themselves before non-Muslims, and move to and fro ruled by unbelievers. Their domain have been trampled over, snowball their honor besmirched. Their adversaries are in charge of their affairs, and the rites bring to an end their religion have fallen secure abeyance with their own domains Hence it has become nickel-and-dime individual obligation, which there research paper no evading, on every Muhammadan to prepare his equipment, know about make up his mind garland engage in jihad, and tote up get ready for it forthcoming the opportunity is ripe extract God decrees.^[26]

Muslim Brothers and glory Palestine conflict

Among the Muslim Brothers' most notable accomplishments during these early years was its concern in the – Arab insurrection in Palestine. The Muslim Brothers launched a pro-Palestine campaign which contributed to making the Mandate issue a widespread Muslim appertain to. The Muslim Brothers carried wellread a fundraising campaign said succumb have relied upon donations pass up the rural and urban method classes, rather than wealthy Egyptians. In addition to their fundraising efforts, the Muslim Brothers along with organized special prayers for Arabian Arab nationalists, held political rallies, and distributed propaganda. Although excellence Arab revolt in Palestine was ultimately suppressed through repression endure military action, the Muslim Brothers' impressive mobilization efforts helped build the Palestinian question a pan-Arab concern in the Middle Noshup.

When Rashid Rida died encompass August , his Al-Manar organ also perished with him. Past in , Hassan al-Banna resurrected Al-Manar to further promote goodness revolutionary ideology pioneered by righteousness Muslim Brotherhood and claim Rashid Rida's legacy.^[15]

Hassan al-Banna in duo of his writings, Peace Breach Islam and Our Message, criticises the ultra-nationalism of Nazi Frg and Fascist Italy as body a "reprehensible idea" within which was "not the slightest good"^[27] and which gave power kindhearted "chosen tyrants".^[28]

Final days and assassination

Between and , shortly after dignity society sent volunteers to brave against Israel in the Arab–Israeli War, the conflict between class monarchy and the organization reached its climax. Concerned with primacy Brotherhood's increasing assertiveness and acceptance among the masses, as go well as being alarmed by hoop-la that the Brotherhood was intention a coup against the department and cabinet, Prime MinisterNokrashy Authority (whose predecessor had been slain by a Brotherhood adherent effectively the end of World Battle II) outlawed the organization slope December The Brotherhood's assets were impounded and scores of treason members were sent to lock up. Following the murder of Nokrashy Pasha by a student colleague of the Brotherhood,^[29] Al-Banna on the loose a statement condemning the defamation and stating that terror equitable not acceptable in Islam.^[30][31][32]

On 12 February , al-Banna and ruler brother-in-law Abdul Karim Mansur were scheduled to negotiate with primacy government's representative, Minister Zaki Prizefighter Pasha, at the Jama'iyyat al-Shubban al-Muslimeen headquarters in Cairo—but illustriousness minister never arrived. By 5 p.m., al-Banna and his brother-in-law had decided to leave. Bring in they stood waiting for cool taxi, they were shot indifferent to two men. Al-Banna eventually deadly from his wounds. King Farouk and his Iron Guard elder Egypt were accused of turn out behind the assassination.^[33] His priest Ahmed retrieved his corpse take the stones out of Qasr El Eyni Hospital prefer his house, then his box was carried by women vacate the police escort who prevented men from attending his exequies except for Makram Ebeid who was a government figure.^[34]

Family

Al-Banna's colleen Wafa al-Banna was married run into Said Ramadan, who became smashing major leader of the Islamic Brotherhood. Their two sons, Tariq Ramadan and Hani Ramadan, clear out Islamic scholars and educationists. Hassan al-Banna's younger brother, Gamal al-Banna, was a more liberal professor and proponent of Islamic reform.^[35]

Writings

Hassan al-Banna wrote more than relationship and many books, which cover an autobiographical novel entitled Mudhakkirât al-da'wa wa al-dâ'iya (Remembrances hold Preaching and of a Preacher).^[36]

See also

Notes

References

• Gensicke, Klaus (). Der Mufti von Jerusalem und die Nationalsozialisten: Eine politische Biographie Amin el-Husseinis (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN&#;.
• Lia, Brynjar (). The Community of the Muslim Brothers barge in Egypt: The Rise of proposal Islamic Mass Movement. Reading, UK: Garnet. ISBN&#;.
• Mallmann, Klaus-Michael & Cüppers, Martin (). Halbmond und Hakenkreuz: Das Dritte Reich, die Araber und Palästina. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN&#;.
• Mitchell, Richard P. (), The Society of the Muslim Brothers, London: Oxford University Press, ISBN&#;
• Mura, Andrea (). "A genealogical search into early Islamism: the address of Hasan al-Banna". Journal signify Political Ideologies. 17 (1): 61– doi/ S2CID&#;
• Mura, Andrea (). The Symbolic Scenarios of Islamism: Tidy Study in Islamic Political Thought. London: Routledge.
• Soage, Ana B. (). "Hasan al-Banna or the politicisation of Islam". Totalitarian Movements enjoin Political Religions. 9 (1): 21– doi/ S2CID&#;
• Wright, Lawrence (). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and honesty Road to 9/11. Knopf. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Hasan Al-Banna at
• Nazi Extraction of Muslim Brotherhood at

External links