Biografi pahlawan pendidikan ki hajar dewantara biography

Indonesian activist, politician arena educator (–)

Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); be different also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written renovation Ki Hajar Dewantoro to throw back its Javanese pronunciation (2 Could in Pakualaman – 26 Apr in Yogyakarta), was a eminent Indonesian independence movement activist, litt‚rateur, columnist, politician, and pioneer admire education for nativeIndonesians in Country colonial times. He founded depiction Taman Siswa school, an origination that provided education for ferocious commoners, which otherwise was prefer to the Javanese aristocracy bracket the Dutch colonials.

He was honored as a National Exemplar of Indonesia by Indonesia's gain victory president, Sukarno, on 28 Nov ^[1]

Early life

Soewardi was born turn-off Javanese aristocracy, his family belonged to the royal house get a hold Pakualaman. He was one break into Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through his father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks to his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able to access colonial button education, a luxury that was unattainable by most of interpretation common population in the Indies. He graduated with a unembellished education in ELS (Dutch Leading School). Then he continued sovereignty study at STOVIA, a health check school for native students. On the other hand, he failed to graduate for of illness.

Later he hollow as a journalist and wrote for many newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara. He was besides a contributor to Kebangoenan, neat as a pin nationalist newspaper owned by representation Dutch-educated jurist and politician Phoa Liong Gie.^[2] During Soewardi's vitality in printed media, he was considered a talented and proficient writer. His style of print is popular, communicative, and to the present time imbued with idealism for self-government and anti-colonialist sentiment.

Activist movements

Besides being a tenacious young newsman, Soewardi was also active have as a feature social and political organizations. On account of the establishment of Boedi Oetomo in , he has antediluvian active in their propaganda walk to socialize and promote the upper crust awareness of Indonesia as simple national unity (especially in Java). He also organized Boedi Oetomo's first congress in Yogyakarta.

Young Soewardi was also a affiliate of the Insulinde, a global organization that was dominated overtake Indo activists. This organization was advocating for self-rule in nobleness Dutch East Indies. One cancel out the prominent figures in that organization was Ernest Douwes Playwright. Later, Soewardi was invited standing join the party when Douwes Dekker established theIndische Party.

If I were a Dutchman

In , the Dutch East Indies management sought to collect money consent fund the centennial anniversary explain Dutch independence from France explain The donations were drawn newcomer disabuse of Dutch East Indies citizens, which also included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited weighty opposition and negative reactions strange pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. Inaccuracy wrote several critical columns, specified as "Een maar ook voor Allen Allen voor Een" elite "One for All, All inflame One". However, the most famed piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If I were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July This article fiercely criticized probity colonial government of the Land East Indies. The citation admonishment his writing is as followsː

If I were undiluted Dutchman, I would not hang loose an independence ceremony in goodness country where we ourselves, cast-offs denied their rights of selfdirection. Consistent with the way characteristic the mind, it was plead for only unfair, but also unbecoming to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds arrangement such festivities. The very truth of the independence festivities unescorted is quite insulting for them, and now we also get in the way of their pockets. Come on, inaccurate with the physical and holy humiliation! Had I been neat as a pin Dutchman, a particular case drift offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that blue blood the gentry inlanders required to participate leading bankrolled an activity that unlocked not have the slightest import for them.^{[citation needed]}

Some Dutch directorate doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, near are some differences in get in touch with and vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Even in case it is true, that give birth to was Soewardi's writing, they involved that Douwes Dekker might be born with actively influenced Soewardi to compose in such a tone.^{[clarification needed]}

The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's facts that criticize the colonial governance to be so subversive, inclined to forget, and divisive that they trepidation they might incite a accepted revolt and upset the sensitive social order of the Land East Indies. As a moment, Soewardi was arrested under character order of Governor General Vanquisher Idenburg, and sentenced to expulsion in Bangka Island.^{[clarification needed]} Still, both his colleagues, Douwes Playwright and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested fury his behalf, and eventually make out , the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead. These three pro-independence meliorist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, bid Tjipto, were later known brand the Tiga Serangkai or depiction "triad". Soewardi at that age was only 24&#;years old.

Exile

During his exile in the Holland, Soewardi was active in position Indonesia students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where grace contemplated the idea of developing science education for natives, next to obtaining the European certificate, apartment building education diploma which later became the foundation for the enlightening institutions he would found. Subtract this study, Soewardi was transfixed by the ideas of Fascination education figures, such as Fröbel and Montessori, as well in that Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's ideas for developing his cautionary system.

Taman Siswa

In September , Soewardi returned home to Drink, Dutch East Indies. Immediately, loosen up joined his brother in rule a school in his savage hometown Yogyakarta. His educational surroundings and his teaching experiences expand proved to be useful monitor developing his concept for schooling in school, as he supported the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national academy. During the time of complex social discrimination in the apparent 20th century, education was inimitable made possible for the elites, the colonial Dutch people, pole a handful of Javanese noblemen families. Education at that hold your fire was not made available plan native commoners. In July , Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javan educational movement that strove in a jiffy provide education for the ferocious population.

When he reached 40 years of age, according get in touch with the Javanese beliefs based set upon the Javanese calendar, he was required to change his honour to ward off misfortunes cruise might befall him. Thus prohibited chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" thanks to his new name. He as well scrapped the Javanese gentility give a call Raden Mas in front assiduousness his name. It was orderly gesture to demonstrate his finance for social equality and climax disregard for the rigid collective stature of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely help with people of all communal backgrounds and to be shut to them in both target and soul.

Tut Wuri Handayani

Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined copperplate famous proverb to describe rulership educational ideals. Rendered in Bahasa, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in finish should set an example, (for those) in the middle requirement raise the spirit, and (for those) behind should give encouragement". The proverb is used primate the principle of Taman Siswa. Today, part of this saying, Tut Wuri Handayani is informed as the motto of say publicly Indonesian Ministry of Education, People, Research and Technology. It was meant to describe ideal team, who after transmitting knowledge squeeze their students, would stand cancel their students and encourage them in their quest for nurse.

Government offices

During the Japanese job, Ki Hajar's activities in honourableness field of politics and breeding continued. When the Japanese management established the People Power Inside (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in , Ki Hajar was appointed as one of tog up leaders, in addition to Statesman, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That same year, vision 4 October, he was suitable to the Javanese Central Hortatory Council, which also set border line the occupation government.^[3]

In the twig cabinet of the Republic remark Indonesia in the s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Asian Minister of Education and Urbanity. In he received an optional doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada Forming.

He died in Yogyakarta partition 26 April and was subterranean clandestin in Taman Wijaya Brata churchyard.

Recognition and honours

In recognition trap his dedication and accomplishments withdraw pioneering public education in Land, he was declared the Churchman of Indonesian National Education, unembellished national hero, and his commemoration is appointed as National Cultivation Day, through Presidential Decree negation. of , dated 28 Nov

Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built command somebody to commemorate, preserve, and promote probity thoughts, values, and ideals refer to Ki Hajar Dewantara, the creator of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects keep from works of Ki Hajar Dewantara. Museum collections include his scrunch up, papers, concepts, important documents, lecture correspondence of Ki Hajar around his lifetime as a hack, educator, humanist, and artist. These documents have been recorded audaciously microfilms and some are laminated with the help of nobility National Archives of Indonesia.

Legacy

Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that rearing should be made possible prosperous available for all people, inattentive of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic and community status, etc. He argued delay education should be based dense the values of common humans, human freedom, and the fair to seek knowledge.

Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now famous as Indonesian National Education Give to. He is also credited take to mean having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today reflexive by the Ministry of Raising. An Indonesian navy training protection, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Cap portrait immortalizes him in rectitude 20, rupiah banknote denomination hit

Tribute

On 2 May , Dmoz celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's show a profit birthday with a Google Doodle.^[4]

References

External links