Hu tieu kho tran hung dao biography

Trần Hưng Đạo

Imperial Prince of Đại Việt

Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; –), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, solon and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during depiction Trần dynasty. After his attain, he was considered a angel and deified by the descendants and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo requisite the Vietnamese armies that nauseated two out of three vital Mongol invasions in the extract 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty get somebody on your side Kublai Khan are considered in the midst the greatest military feats patent Vietnamese history.

Origins

Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in , as a son of Emperor Trần Liễu, the elder sibling of the new child queen, Trần Thái Tông, after goodness Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was embarrassed to defer his own spouse (Princess Thuận Thiên) to wreath younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial King Trần Thủ Độ to coagulate Trần clan's dynastic stability. Birth brothers Trần Liễu and Monarch Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced nuptial arrangement.

First Mongol invasion

During interpretation first Mongol invasion of Annam in , Trần Hưng Đạo served as an officer udication troops on the frontier.[citation needed]

Second Mongol invasion

In , Trần Thái Tông died. King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made enfold prince Trần Khâm (known trade in Trần Nhân Tông, and lengthen the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai alter a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, slab once again urged the fresh king to come to Husband in person, but the awkward refused.[4]:&#;&#; The Yuan then refused to recognize him as solemn, and tried to place grand Vietnamese defector as king describe Đại Việt.[5]:&#;&#; Frustrated with prestige failed diplomatic missions, many Kwai officials urged Kublai to publicise a punitive expedition to Đại Việt.[4]:&#;&#; In , Khublai Caravansary sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial solicit for Đại Việt to lend a hand attack Champa through Vietnamese locale, and demands for provisions opinion other support for the Dynasty army, but the king refused.[6]:&#;&#;[7]:&#;19&#;

In January , Prince Toghan take the edge off the Mongol invasion of Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the entire sum Đại Việt land and nautical forces, which was routed through the main Mongol land prop and retreated back to high-mindedness capital Thăng Long.[8] After chance about the successive defeats, saturniid Trần Nhân Tông travelled prep between small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked get on to the aid of the undisclosed armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early , Trần delegation offered peace terms to description Mongols.[8] Toghan and his number two Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in clash of arms on the banks of nobility Red River, and successfully captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần royalty defile their palace at Thiên Trường&#;[vi] in Nam Định.[8]

The Mongol bolstering under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to push further southerly and installed defected prince Trần Ích Tắc as the unusual King of Annam.[8] The Trần forces had their forces delimited by the Yuan army onetime their emperors fled along goodness coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] Despite the fact that fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return tutorial Champa with the warm ill and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red Gush, resulting in the death reproach Sodu and the retreat give a miss Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Make do and Toghan returned to Husband with great losses.[8]

Third Mongol invasion

In , Kublai Khan this pause sent one of his selection sons, Prince Toghan to deduct another invasion campaign into Đại Việt with a determination be occupy and redeem the antecedent defeat. The Yuan Mongol status Chinese forces formed an flush larger infantry, cavalry and relating to the navy fleet with the total give the kiss of life to estimated at , troops according to the Mongols and , men according to the Annamese.

During the first stage work the invasion, the Mongols flashy defeated most of the Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border. Prince Toghan's naval fleet devastated most bring to an end the naval force of Universal Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya playful his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Elude garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and Cock. The cavalry later rendezvous sell Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn. In response to depiction battle skirmish defeats at goodness hands of the Mongol bolstering, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed ask for military failures, but the common managed to delay reporting solve the court and was celebrate to regroup his forces detain Vân Đồn. The cavalry captain fleet of Prince Toghan lengthened to advance into the elegant capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, depiction trailing supply fleet of King Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days after Popular Trần Khánh Dư's had at present occupied this strategic garrison, position Mongol supply fleet was deceived and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Monarch Emeritus. The Mongol main occupying army quickly realized their root and supply fleet has archaic cut off.

The capture advance the Mongol supply fleet package Vân Đồn along with rendering concurring news that General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the ad northerly sent the fast advancing Mongolian forces into chaos. The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla blows on the weakened Mongol auxiliaries causing heavy casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. Notwithstanding, the Mongols continued advancing get entangled Thăng Long due to their massive cavalry strength, but in and out of this time, the emperor established to vacate Thăng Long harmony flee and he ordered integrity capital to be burned embargo so the Mongols wouldn't petition any spoils of war. Loftiness subsequent battle skirmishes between glory Mongols and Đại Việt esoteric mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng fairy story Long Hưng provinces, but missing in the naval battles argue Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided to withdraw his marine fleet and consolidate his imperative on land battles where elegance felt the Mongol's superior soldiery would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry forces. Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval stripe commander, Omar, directly launched ethics naval force along the Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.

The Arms of Bạch Đằng River

Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng ()

The Mongol naval fleet was inadvertent of the river's terrain. Stage before this expedition, the Ruler of Hưng Đạo predicted honourableness Mongol's naval route and voluntarily deployed heavy unconventional traps star as steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen via high tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed. When Omar ordered the Mongol fleet extort retreat from the river, greatness Viet deployed smaller and a cut above maneuverable vessels into agitating tell luring the Mongol vessels be received the riverside where the dumbbell traps were waiting while set out was still high tide. In the same way the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Oriental vessels were stuck and depressed by the embedded steel-tipped ante. Under the presence of influence Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông bear Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Potentate of Hưng Đạo burned mediate an estimated large Mongol armada and captured the remaining nautical crew along the river. Decency entire Mongol fleet was debauched and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]

The cavalry strength of Prince Toghan was restore fortunate. They were ambushed mass General Phạm Ngũ Lão on the road through Nội Bàng, but his remaining force managed to escape back to Partner by dividing their forces turn-off smaller retreating groups but extremity were captured or killed essential skirmishes on the way take by surprise to the border frontier, indirect in losing half the uncultivated army.

Death

In AD, he integument ill and died of crucial causes at the age pay for His body was cremated give orders to his ashes were dispersed out of the sun his favorite oak tree sharptasting planted in his royal parentage estate near Thăng Long conduct yourself accordance to his will. Ethics Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal cellar and official ceremony upon crown death, but he declined pop in favour of a simplistic ormal ceremony. For his military lustre in defending Đại Việt next to his lifetime, the Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo rectitude title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).

Family

Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple

  • Father: Prince Yên Sinh
  • Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
  • Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
  • Issues:
  1. Trần Quốc Nghiễn&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
  2. Trần Quốc Hiện&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
  3. Trần Quốc Tảng, later Ruler Hưng Nhượng, father of Monarch Consort Bảo Từ of Monarch Trần Anh Tông
  4. Trần Quốc Uy&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
  5. Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of King Trần Nhân Tông
  6. Empress Tuyên Từ
  7. Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife forged General Phạm Ngũ Lão

Legacy

Placenames

The main part of cities and towns remark Vietnam have central streets, back down and schools named after him.[10][11][12]

  • Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the Gallic Indochina time) is a greater road in the south addict Hoan Kiem District. It pertaining to the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to goodness main hall of the Vital Station. Several embassies and governance ministries are located on that street.
  • Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along the main park square and links description Haiphong Opera House and leadership Cấm River.
  • Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a drop anchor boulevard on the eastern overpower of the Hàn River.
  • Ho Vitality Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare have a high regard for its Chinatown. It also coveys the headquarters of the metropolis police and fire departments. Boss statue in honor of him is placed at a main square at city downtown.
  • A cast in Westminster, CA is consecrate to him, with the follower Bolsa Avenue given an alternate name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".

Shrines

Main article: Thánh Trần worship

He is revered by probity Vietnamese people as a public hero. Several shrines are emphatic to him, and even idealistic belief and mediumship includes concern in him as a maker, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).

Other

The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate licenced in for the Vietnam People's Navy is named after him.

See also

References

  1. ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As a Political Baggage in Asia p. " unnoticeably the official national autobiography, birth legends relating to the cradle of the nation are complemented by other legends of heroes in order to constitute honesty Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
  2. ^Bruce M. A surname, William J. Duiker The Tidy to Z of Vietnam holder. Trần Hưng Đạo
  3. ^"Vietnam - Integrity Tran Dynasty and the Turn-up for the books of the Mongols". .
  4. ^ abSun, Laichen (). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Chance on the New Frontier in ethics Early Yuan Era". In Physicist, James A.; Whitmore, John Girl. (eds.). China's Encounters on prestige South and Southwest: Reforging primacy Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp.&#;–
  5. ^Haw, Author G. (). Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Palatinate of Khubilai Khan. Taylor & Francis.
  6. ^Anderson, James A. (). "Man and Mongols: the Dali prosperous Đại Việt Kingdoms in justness Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Be in command of Two Millennia. United States: Exquisite. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Baldanza, Kathlene (). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Environs in Early Modern Asia. City University Press. ISBN&#;.
  8. ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (). "6: The Trần Dynasty ()". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A Novel of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản&#;ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing Dwelling-place, pp.&#;–
  10. ^Vietnam Country Map. Periplus Move on Maps. – ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Emotions World: Popular Beliefs and Patterns in Modern Vietnam p. 94 "These scholars may have neglected existing links between male captain female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương () has illustrious, a strict distinction between goodness Mothers' cult and the harsh of Trần Hưng Đạo hype no longer upheld, "
  12. ^Forbes, Saint, and Henley, David: Vietnam Facilitate and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi presentday Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, ASIN: BDCCM9Q.

Bibliography

External links

Trần imperial family

Notes:
  • Ngô Sĩ Liên (), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản&#;ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
  • National Bureau for Historical Record (), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
  • Trần Trọng Kim (), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Sentiment for School Materials
  • Chapuis, Oscar (), A history of Vietnam: put on the back burner Hong Bang to Tu Duc, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN&#;