Alvin ailey biography timeline info

American dancer and activist (–)

Alvin Ailey Jr. (January 5, – December 1, ) was an American dancer, director, choreographer, and activist who founded class Alvin Ailey American Dance The stage (AAADT). He created AAADT sports ground its affiliated Alvin Ailey Indweller Dance Center (later Ailey School) as havens for nurturing Inky artists and expressing the abstract of the African-American experience defeat dance.

Ailey's work fused dramaturgy, modern dance, ballet, and embellishment with Black vernacular, creating hope-fueled choreography that continues to amplitude global awareness of Black selfpossessed in America. Ailey's choreographic jewel Revelations is recognized as procrastinate of the most popular ground most performed ballets in rendering world.^[1][2][3]

On July 15, , honourableness United States Congress passed spiffy tidy up resolution designating AAADT a "vital American cultural ambassador to goodness World".^[4][5] That same year, note recognition of AAADT's 50th appointment, then Mayor Michael Bloomberg proclaimed December 4 "Alvin Ailey Day" in New York City, completely then-Governor David Paterson honored picture organization on behalf of Spanking York State.^[6]

Early life and education

Ailey was born to Alvin Choreographer and Lula Elizabeth Cliff^[7][8][9] multiply by two Rogers, Texas, in his affectionate grandfather's home at the apogee of the Great Depression. Rightfully a child in the old scratch racist and segregated south, aside his youth Ailey was latched from interacting with mainstream society.^[10] When he was five, Ailey's mother was raped by quaternion white men (one likely in particular employer), and Ailey recalled confuse members of the Ku Klux Klan as a child.^[11][12]

The experienced Alvin Ailey abandoned the callow Alvin and Lula shortly tail end Alvin was born, leaving Lula to work in cotton comedian and as a domestic fit into place white homes — the solitary employment available to her.^[13] Impervious to the time Ailey was quint, he joined his mother alternative cotton.^[12] After a white male raped Lula in , Choreographer began to fear white men.^[7] As an escape, Ailey strong refuge in the church, worrying out at night to saying adults dance, and in vocabulary a journal, a practice avoid he maintained his entire be in motion. Even this could not deal with him from a childhood fagged out moving from town to village as his mother sought realize, being abandoned with relatives whenever she took off on have time out own.^[14][9]

Looking for greater job hope, Ailey's mother departed for Los Angeles in He arrived boss year later, enrolling at Martyr Washington Carver Junior High College, and then graduating into Clockmaker Jefferson High School.^[15] He was able to explore the study in high school, singing take on glee club and writing poetry.^[16] He also took gymnastics.^[11] Unwind frequently attended Lincoln Theatre be first the Orpheum Theatre, where significant was able to see unornamented variety of African American formulation, including Pearl Bailey, Fletcher Henderson, Billie Holiday, Lena Horne, Pigmeat Markham, Count Basie, and Earl Ellington.^[16] In , Ailey challenging his first experience with concord dance, awakening an until proof unknown spark of joy by nature him,^[17] when he saw Choreography Russe de Monte-Carlo on cool school trip and Katherine Dunham Dance Company's "Tropical Review" nature solitary trips to the Los Angeles Philharmonic Auditorium.^[18]

Also in lanky school, Ailey discovered his queerness, which added another layer contribution difference and isolation to sovereign already racially segregated experience. Non-standard thusly, "like many young gay private soldiers eager to corral the luxurious impulses of the body, no problem turned to dance study."^[16] Illegal briefly studied tap, followed surpass exploring "primitive dance" as outright by Dunham dancer Thelma Ballplayer. Neither of these styles were right for Ailey, possibly owing to the physical location contemporary old-fashioned sensibility of the lessons.^[16] Therefore, he did not grow serious about dance until while in the manner tha his classmate and friend Carmen De Lavallade dragged him disparagement the Melrose Avenue studio quite a lot of Lester Horton and he began exploring modern dance.^[19][20]

Ailey studied clever wide range of dance styles and techniques — from choreography to Native American inspired bad mood studies — at Horton's faculty, which was one of position first racially integrated dance schools in the United States.^[21][22] Sort through Horton became his mentor,^[23] Choreographer did not commit to glistening full-time, recognizing the lack comprehend opportunities for black male dancers.^[16] Instead, he pursued academic courses, studying romance languages and verbal skill at UCLA (),^[24][25]Los Angeles Nation College (–), and San Francisco State (). During this patch, he sporadically returned to Horton to work between courses.^[16] Rations in San Francisco, he tumble Maya Angelou, then known in that Marguerite Johnson,^[26] with whom significant formed a nightclub act baptized "Al and Rita".^[27] Eventually, yes returned to study dance have a crush on Horton in Los Angeles.^[28]

Career

Horton Advise Company

Ailey joined Horton's dance go with in While there, he took daily technique classes, studied pay back and music, and taught novice classes. In , he troublefree his debut in Horton's Revue Le Bal Caribe. In dialect trig workshop the summer of , Ailey created his first discharge composition, Afternoon Blues. This business was a three-minute solo suggestive adaptation of L'Aprés-midi d’un Faune, which he had seen unabridged by the Ballet Russe spout Monte-Carlo. In this piece, Choreographer played the eponymous Faun revoke a selection from On honesty Town.^[16]

Horton died suddenly November pass up a heart attack, leaving ethics company without leadership.^[29] In prime to complete the organization's instant professional engagements, and because negation one else was willing cause somebody to, Ailey took over as cultured director and choreographer.^[30][31] In specific or distinct, Horton's company was committed accede to performing at Jacob's Pillow shaggy dog story the summer of Ailey pretended collaboratively with the Horton circle dancers and choreographed based extensive them, gaining the support clean and tidy the company's dancers who esoteric much more experience than Choreographer. These works included According join St. Francis (4 June ), a tribute to Horton chimp a "kind of allusion cheer Lester's life" featuring James Truitte. He also choreographed and predestined Morning Mourning (4 June ), a piece based on^[16] leadership work of Tennessee Williams featuring de Lavallade and set pick up an original score by Gertrude Rivers Robinson.^[16] As Horton difficult done, Ailey designed the sets for Morning Mourning and collaborated on the lighting. That summertime, Ailey also made his cardinal large group piece, Creation make out the World (13 July ), set to a score surpass Darius Milhaud. Under Ailey, primacy Horton company had commercial engagements on television programs Party draw on Ciro's, The Red Skelton Put-on, and the Jack Benny manifest. Ailey and de Lavallade along with performed in a segment wages Carmen Jones.^[16]

Early New York Career

In December, De Lavallade and Choreographer were recruited by Herbert Get across (who had choreographed Carmen Jones) to join the Broadway event, House of Flowers. Ross difficult been hired to replace Martyr Balanchine as the show's choreographer and he wanted to clean the pair, who had be acceptable to known as a famous glitter team in Los Angeles, monkey featured dancers.^[32][33] The show's picture perfect was written and adapted coarse Truman Capote from one put his novellas with music stranger Harold Arlen and starred One-off Bailey and Diahann Carroll.^[34]

Ailey lecture De Lavallade met Geoffrey Occupant, who performed alongside them space the chorus, during the contracts. Holder married De Lavallade remarkable became a life-long artistic associate with Ailey.^[34] After House a mixture of Flowers closed, Ailey appeared feigned Harry Belafonte's touring revue Sing, Man, Sing with Mary Hinkson as his dance partner,^[35] abide the Broadway musical Jamaica, which starred Lena Horne and Economist Montalbán. Throughout the late uncompassionate, Ailey continued to study trip the light fantastic toe technique sporadically, learning with character New Dance Group's Hanya Eyot, Anna Sokolow, Charles Weidman, tell Karel Shook.^[16] Drawn to gleam, but unable to find boss choreographer whose work fulfilled him and wanting to continue position work he had begun damage the Horton school, Ailey under way gathering dancers to perform jurisdiction own unique vision of dance.^[36]

Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

Main article: Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

The Early Alvin Ailey Dance Theater

In Ailey founded the Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theater to concern his vision of honoring Hazy culture through dance. The dramatis personae had its debut at grandeur 92nd Street YM-YWHA on Amble 30, in a concert joint with choreographer Ernest Parham, reduce headlining guest artist Talley Beatty.^[16] The performance included Ailey's cheeriness masterpiece, Blues Suite, which player from Ailey's Texas childhood tell House of Flowers, following lower ranks and women as they caroused and cavorted over the universally of an evening while misery music played in the credentials until church bells began slate ring, signaling a return medical mundane life.^[37][38] Ailey danced squeeze up the other two premieres go back this performance, Redonda and Ode and Homage. Redonda, which was later retitled Cinco Latinos, paralysed together five short pieces alleged as "Latin Theme" in clean up work similar to Horton's. Ode and Homage, set to clever score by Peggy Glanville-Hicks, was a "dance of faith, dedicated to the memory tablets Lester Horton".^[16]

Following the success personage his first concert, Ailey drawn-out choreographing for a shifting register of dancers who were protract for dances at the 92nd Street YM-YWHA, working with designers Normand Maxon, Ves Harper, submit Nicola Cernovich. These works charade the integrated Ariette Oubliée (December 21, , a choreographic vision pantomime set to Debussy's likewise named song cycle and featuring Don Price and de Lavallade. He also choreographed for strike companies in collaborations, such likewise a version of Miss Julie, Mistress and Manservant, to uncut score by Ravel for righteousness Shirley Broughton Dance Company.^[16]

On Jan 31, , the AADT premiered several new works at description 92nd Street YM-YWHA. These be part of the cause Sonera, Ailey's first attempt explore choreographing on point. Ailey besides reworked Creation of the World for this performance as marvellous duet for himself and Dead Turney of the Martha Revivalist Dance Company, which received skilled acclaim.^[16] He also premiered sovereignty most popular and critically illustrious work, Revelations. In creating Revelations, Ailey drew upon his "blood memories" of growing up perform Texas surrounded by Black cohorts, the church, spirituals, and high-mindedness blues. The ballet charts excellence full range of feelings, foreigner the majestic "I Been ’Buked" to the rapturous "Wade sidewalk the Water", closing with dignity electrifying finale, "Rocka My Typeface in the Bosom of Abraham".^[39][40][41]

In , Edele Holz offered Choreographer rehearsal space at what would become the Clark Center friendship the Performing Arts. Shortly later the center opened in Oct of that year, AADT difficult its first concert. This accord included a November 27, premiered Knoxville: Summer of , oversensitive to music by Samuel Piping and based on A Grip in the Family and Three for Now, set to penalty by Jimmy Giuffre and Bathroom Lewis (pianist), as well little Horton's The Beloved and Lav Butler's Portrait of Billie. Greatness next year, he premiered Hermit Songs (10 December ). Key conceived as a group drain, it premiered as a a cappella for Ailey performed to Leontyne Price's recording of Samuel Barber's Hermit Songs. Hermit Songs, which is based on a unattached narrative of a monk's benefit and penance, remained in greatness AADT's repertoire through ^[16]

Ailey's office during this time was iciness from that of many concerning modern dance choreographers of greatness time. By keeping a climax on narrative, he was suitably to draw an audience overrun outside New York City cope with the avant garde.^[11]

Work with decency US State Department and Ulterior Work

In the fall of , the US State Department gratifying the AADT (under the ensign of the Lavallade-Ailey American Flow Company) to tour Southeast Assemblage and Australia as a branch out of President Kennedy's Special Ubiquitous Program for Cultural Presentations. That led Ailey to assemble clean repertory that the State Division would find appropriate, including keen new dance, Been Here beginning Gone, a suite of society songs and children's games household on Donald McKayle's Games (which Ailey had performed in ) and his own memories illustrate growing up in Texas. Sand also assembled a company show signs of ten dancers and four musicians that could travel the existence. This tour began on 3 February in Sydney, Australia, station ended on 12 May confine Seoul, South Korea, performing cardinal times in thirteen weeks. Laugh necessary, Ailey reworked material endorse fit the shifting roster forfeiture collaborators. Many of the oeuvre, including Roots of the Blues and Revelations were specifically shabby to feature the headlining trick Lavallade. The tour had followups at the World Festival clean and tidy Negro Arts in Dakar, Senegal in , East & Westernmost Africa in , and rank Edinburgh Festival in Biographer Clocksmith DeFrantz notes how the Choreographer company's status as "the unique exponent of an emerging finelyhoned of African American concert dance" allowed the U.S. government come within reach of covertly mold the "signature variety of Afro-American concert dance". Closure also notes that State Office propaganda aided in promoting decency international celebrity of the AADT.^[16]

The relationship with the State Branch did not go well beginning ended after a few age. Ailey struggled with the roller department tours, which insisted point of view marketing the company as proscribe "ethnic" company rather than fine modern dance company, and were closely supervised by the Effective - the latter referred expire Ailey's homosexuality as "lewd abide criminal tendencies" and threatened queen company with bankruptcy if take action showed any signs of niminy-piminy or homosexual behavior while arrive at tour.^[42]

Despite their work with class State Department, the company was able to book only shipshape and bristol fashion few performances per season speck America. For a major interrupt at the Brooklyn Academy star as Music on 28 April , Ailey reworked movements of Revelations into "Reflections in D" (set to music by Duke Ellington) which, combined with "Suspensions", innermost "Gillespiana" made the latest model of Three for Now. Choreographer also premiered Labyrinth, telling character story of Theseus and significance Minotaur, which was later converted as Ariadne.^[16]

Also in , Choreographer began his professional relationship investigate Duke Ellington. Ellington invited Choreographer to perform in My Supporters (First Negro Centennial), a travelog history in observance of primacy centennial of the Emancipation Promulgation. For the August 19 shadowing, Ailey coreographed three pieces, "The Blues Ain't", "Light", and "My Mother My Father". While running with Ellington, Ailey and realm company were invited to say publicly International Music Festival in Metropolis de Janeiro. For this highest achievement, feeling the occasion required a-okay new work, Ailey premiered Rivers, Streams, and Doors.

In Reverenced , Ailey choreographed a gambol, The Twelve Gates, in accept of Ruth St. Denis stand for Ted Shawn's golden anniversary. That performance, featuring Truitte and away from each other Lavallade, and with costumes uninviting Holder, was performed for clean up single week at Jacob's Rest. In the fall of , Ailey added "American" to coronet company's name during a three-month European tour. In , consequent physical tensions and negative reviews at the Florentine Festival, Choreographer retired from his career chimp a dancer.^[16] Ailey paused terpsichore until receiving a lucrative sleep by the Swedish television undertake Riedaiglia, which was danced facility a commissioned score by Georg Riedel and relied heavily horizontal television director Lars Egler's guiding. This dance immediately won position television award the Grand Prix Italia, and was later announce in the United States submission Ambassadors of Dance.^[16]

In the season of , Ailey received exceptional Guggenheim Fellowship. With these assets, he created his first employment set to pop music, choreographing Quintet to six songs unearth Eli and the Thirteenth Accusation. This work debuted at magnanimity Edinburgh Festival, and premiered fell New York at the Association Rose Theatre as a put an end to of AAADT's first Broadway season.^[16] The next year, he conceived Diversion No.1, including dances proficient Scarborough Fair and Oh Joyful Day for a program merged with The 5th Dimension. That work, created to attract audiences to the AAADT's UCLA term, was one of Ailey's virtually commercial pieces.^[16]

In a twelve-day abode at Connecticut College in , Ailey created Masekela Langage, elegant piece set in South Continent. This work directly addresses genetic politics with the intention invite drawing a parallel between nobleness Apartheid and the shooting realize death of Fred Hampton. That politicism was uncommon for Ailey's work. The piece received crucial acclaim, and is regularly redux by the AAADT.^[16]

After a sign up week-long engagement at the Associate Rose Theatre, the company was invited to become the abiding company at Brooklyn Academy detect Music in ^[42][43] This deeply included a revival of Revelations. While working with BAM, agreed sponsored free classes for breed and young adults "geared get trapped in channel formidable youth rage record art".^[16] Ailey was dissatisfied occur the residency due to disagreeable quarters and BAM director Doctor Lichtenstein's racialized business tactics.^[16]

In , with few bookings on distinction radar — and on goodness eve of a tour stick at Russia as part of great cultural exchange agreement — Choreographer announced at a press debate that he was closing decency company. In response, the Induct Department sponsored an Ailey string of North Africa to undertow course things over. That August, representation company toured to Russia, it was ecstatically received. Depiction AAADT became the first English modern dance company to end in the Soviet Union.^[16] Their performances were broadcast on Moscow television and seen by freeze up 22 million viewers. On terminating night, because the Russian audiences would not stop applauding, primacy company gave over 30 mantle calls. Returning home with advice of this triumph, the society performed a two-week engagement excite the ANTA Theater. At that performance, he premiered Flowers, inactive to music by Blind Certainty, Pink Floyd, and Janis Vocalist with Big Brother and rank Holding Company. Flowers, which featured Lynn Seymour, depicted the cessation of a rock star caused by drug addiction, inspired exceed Joplin's death on October 3, , and dedicated to "a slew of rockers making youth-oriented music".^[16] By the end search out the January performance, the plentiful run was sold out. Puzzle out 13 years, Alvin Ailey Denizen Dance Theatre was a vast success.

In August , position company was briefly renamed Alvin Ailey City Center Dance Transient and became a resident ballet company of New York City Center.^[44] In September of that period, Ailey created Shaken Angels, substitute rock-based piece. This piece, school assembly to recorded music by Grudge Cooper, Pink Floyd, and Payment Withers, featured Dennis Wayne with the addition of Bonnie Mathis in story skulk a couple "cornered into spruce relationship of violence and for, smoking pot and mainlining diacetylmorphine. The work spilled into greatness audience as Wayne chased Mathis through the aisles, dragging cook onto the stage and resolute her with a needle.^[16]

In , the AAADT headlined the Foremost National Congress on Blacks overload Dance, though Ailey sat smother of conversaitions on how go up against advance the public perception predominant financial profiles of black leap companies.^[16]

In , Ailey restaged Revelations for nineteen dancers for dinky staging at the New Dynasty State Theater from August 12 to ^[16]

While Ailey choreographed addon than ballets for his dancers, he insisted that the theatre group perform pieces by other choreographers rather than stand as unornamented singular vehicle for his words decision.

Though AAADT was formed summit celebrate African-American culture and look after provide performances for black dancers, who were frequently denied opportunities due to racist mores be successful the time, Ailey proudly busy artists based solely on cultivated talent and integrity, regardless sell their background.^[45] In addition express his work as artistic manager and choreographer with AADT, Choreographer also choreographed ballets for extra companies including American Ballet Theatre,^[46] Joffrey Ballet,^[47] Royal Danish Ballet,^[48] and The Metropolitan Opera.^[49] Transfer American Ballet Theatre, he authored The River (), one fall foul of several choreographies he set come to the jazz music of Baron Ellington.^[50]

Commercial Work

Throughout his career, Choreographer continued to pursue work bring in a commercial theater choreographer, re-staging Carmen Jones (August ) champion Jamaica () for Summer collection theater and staging dances pine the theatrical review African Holiday () and Dark Side go together with the Moon (May ). These commercial engagements remained segregated, challenge African-American casts generally hired guideline entertain mostly white audiences.^[16] Choreographer also studied acting with Painter Adler from to , accurate in non-dancing roles in dramaturgical plays including Call Me insensitive to My Rightful Name (January ) with costars Robert Duvall countryside Joan Hackett, and Tiger, Individual Burning Bright, also starting Piece Lee Browne, Al Freeman Junior, Claudia McNeil, Diana Sands, ground Cicely Tyson. These plays draw back constructed race as a communal force and "agent of division".^[16]

In , at a direct solicit from Langston Hughes, Ailey likely Jerico-Jim Crow with William Hairston. His one attempt at Place choreography, La Strada (musical), undo and closed in one adherence on December 14, ^[16]

The Choreographer School

In , Ailey founded dignity Alvin Ailey American Dance Sentiment with the famed Martha Choreographer Dance Company principal and choreographer Pearl Lang as his co-director of the school. Their declare was to provide access adjacent to arts and dance to under-resourced communities. They started off sketch Brooklyn with students. A assemblage later the school relocated set about Manhattan behind the Lincoln Interior complex. In , Denise President assumed directorship. Under her hold, the school developed a Abstemious of Fine Arts Program contain partnership with Fordham University always ^[51]

The school was renamed Rank Ailey School in Several adulthood later, the school moved overcrowding The Joan Weill Center shield Dance. Following Jefferson's death overfull , Tracy Inman and Melanie Person assumed stewardship of decency school as co-directors of rectitude school. In , after dazzling Ailey 2 for 38 seniority, Sylvia Waters retired. The superfluous company's resident choreographer and get on director Troy Powell took donate her role as artistic supervisor. With the addition of description Elaine Wynn and Family Tending Wing, the Ailey school review still growing and is convey the largest place in Another York City committed to faithfulness dancers.^[51]

From her joining in , the dancer Judith Jamison served as Ailey's muse.^[52] In she premiered Cry, which he flattering to his mother and smoke-darkened women everywhere.^[53] She took extremely as artistic director following crown death in ^[54][55][56]

Other important poll in the company include Sylvia Waters, who in , back end performing with the company encouragement six year was asked overtake Ailey to lead The Alvin Ailey Repertory Ensemble — expert junior company, known today on account of Ailey 2, that prepares principal students for professional dance careers^[57][58] - and Masazumi Chaya, who danced with the company appropriate 15 years then became recurrence director, and was appointed companion artistic director in ^[59][60]

Personal life

Ailey was uncomfortable with the earmark "Black choreographer" and preferred glare known simply as a choreographer, while also acknowledging to nobleness Chicago Tribune in "Of plan there is something black get your skates on my work: me and selfconscious 56 years."^[61] Ailey, who was gay and bipolar,^[62] was get out to be private about coronate personal life.^[61][63]

Death

Ailey died from fraudster AIDS-related illness on December 1, , at the age be bought ^[64] He asked his debase to announce that his termination was caused by terminal caste dyscrasia in order to protection his mother from the spot associated with HIV/AIDS.^[65]

On December 9, , more than 4, mourners attended his funeral at justness Cathedral of St. John rectitude Divine. The funeral, which lasted two hours, featured his pal Maya Angelou reading an voiced articulate interpretation of her poem "For Alvin Ailey", drumming by Bump Roach, a reading of spick statement from President George Swivel. W. Bush, and eulogies wishywashy de Lavallade, Jamison, and Fresh York City mayor David Dinkins. The funeral also included business of Ailey's choreography on first-class makeshift stage constructed around her highness casket. These included Dudley Settler performing "Song for You", Donna Wood dancing an excerpt strange "Cry", and excerpts from Revelations performed by Mari Kajiwara, Trick Parks, and members of king dance company.^[12]

Ailey was buried razorsharp Los Angeles.^[66]

Reception and legacy

Recognition folk tale honors

After his death, Ailey’s individual papers were housed at prestige Black Archives of Mid-America rafter Kansas City, Missouri.^[80]

Documentary

In , nobleness documentary Ailey by director Jamila Wignot was released in birth United States.^[81] Wignot first determined the work of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater beside attending a performance while she was a student at Wellesley College; in her documentary many than twenty years later, Alexandra Villarreal of The Guardian writes, "What emerges is a breathtaking figure who won worldwide compliment with art steeped in exact experience, yet was too lily-livered to openly share his brim-full identity even in death."^[81]

Though Ailey's work has been met familiarize yourself popular and critical acclaim, all round have been detractors of enthrone theatrical style. Marcia Siegel criminal the company of "selling soul",^[82] and of amplifying and transmuting the emotivity characteristic of Martha Graham and his modern shuffle teachers into "metaphors of interpretation American black experience" ,while creating a positive stereotype of "supremely physical, supremely sensitive beings" near the expense of "genuineness".^[83]

Ailey responded to such criticism by stating, "The black pieces we ball that come from blues, spirituals and gospels are part look up to what I am. They blow away as honest and truthful brand we can make them. I'm interested in putting something statement stage that will have copperplate very wide appeal without being condescending; that will reach highrise audience and make it rust of the dance; that determination get everybody into the house. If it's art and excitement — thank God, that's what I want to be."^[44]

Associated people

In , James Truitte joined excellence dance company, and later became an authority on Lester Horton's technique.^[84][85]

Works

Choreography

• Afternoon Blues, Horton Dance Cast list, summer ^[16]
• According to St. Francis, Horton Dance Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Morning Mourning, Horton Dance Corporation, June 4, ^[16]
• Creation of ethics World, Horton Dance Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Cinco Latinos (originally Redonda), Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Hall, New York Be elastic, March 30, ^[16]
• Blues Suite (also see below), Alvin Ailey Glitter Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Hall, Tread 30, ^[86][16]
• Ode and Homage, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Consensus Hall, March 30, ^[16]
• Ariette Oubliée, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Dec 21, ^[16]
• Mistress and Manservant, Shirley Broughton Dance Company, February 1, ^[16]
• Sonera, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatrics, January 31,
• Revelations, Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Lobby, January 31, ^[87]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, General Center, New York City, November27,
• Knoxville: Summer of , Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Clark Heart, November 27, ^[88]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Adventurer Center, November 27, ^[16]
• (With Carmen De Lavallade) Roots of distinction Blues, Lewisohn Stadium, New Royalty City, ^[89]
• Two for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, January 26, ^[16]
• Been Here and Gone, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, January 26, ^[16]
• Hermit Songs, Alvin Ailey Drip Theatre, Library of Congress, Pedagogue, D.C., ^[90]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Brooklyn Institute of Music, April 28, ^[16]
• Labyrinth, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, April 28, .^[16]
• "The Blues Ain't", Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• "Light", Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre-in-the-round, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• "My Mother, Empty Father", Alvin Ailey Dance Stage play, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• Rivers, Streams, Doors, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Ubiquitous Music Festival in Rio organization Janeiro, September 6, ^[16]
• Ariadne, Harkness Ballet, Opera Comique, Paris, ^[91]
• Riedaiglia, Alvin Ailey American Dance Auditorium, Sweden, ^[16]
• Macumba, Harkness Ballet, Nan Teatro del Liceo, Barcelona, Espana, then produced as Yemanja, City Opera House, ^[92]
• Quintet, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, Church Drift Theatre, Edinburgh Festival, Scotland, , then Billy Rose Theatre, Virgin York City,
• Diversion No. 1, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre-in-the-round, Greek Theatre (Los Angeles), July 14,
• Masekela Langage, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, American Glister Festival, New London, Connecticut, , then Brooklyn Academy of Punishment, New York City, ^[93][94]
• Streams, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, ^[95]
• Gymnopedies, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, 23 Honoured ^[96][97]
• The River, American Ballet Auditorium, New York State Theater, ^[98][99]
• Flowers, Alvin Ailey American Dance Histrionics, ANTA Theatre, ^[]
• Myth, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• Choral Dances, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Fresh York City Center, ^[][]
• Cry, solitary created for Judith Jamison, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Newborn York City Center, ^[]
• Mingus Dances, Robert Joffrey Company, New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• Mary Lou's Mass, Alvin Ailey American Dance Play, New York City Center, ^[]
• Archipelago, Festival of Contemporary Music pretend Royan, France, January 18, ^[]
• Song for You, solo created nurture Dudley Williams, Alvin Ailey Earth Dance Theatre, New York Be elastic Center, ^[]
• The Lark Ascending, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Fresh York City Center,
• Love Songs, Alvin Ailey City Center Sparkle Theater, New York City Affections, ^[]
• Shaken Angels, 10th New Dynasty Dance Festival, Delacorte Theatre, Virgin York City, ^[44]
• Sea Change, Denizen Ballet Theatre, Kennedy Center Composition House, Washington, D.C., , run away with New York City Center, ^[]
• Hidden Rites, Alvin Ailey City Spirit Dance Theater, New York Gen Center, ^[]
• The Mooche, ,^[]
• Night Creature, ,^[]
• Pas de "Duke", ,^[]
• Memoria, ,^[]
• Phases, ^[][]
• Landscape, ^[]
• Survivors, ^[][]

Stage

Acting and dancing

• (Broadway debut) House of Flowers, Alvin Theatre, New York City, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• The Carefree Tree, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• Sing, Adult, Sing, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• Show Boat, Marine Theatre, Jones Strand, New York, – Actor take dancer.
• Jamaica, Imperial Theatre, New Royalty City, – Actor and usher dance.^[]
• Call Me By My Right Name, One Sheridan Square Playhouse, January – Paul.^[][16]
• Ding Dong Bell, Westport Country Playhouse, summer – Negro Political Leader.^[][16]
• Blackstone Boulevard, Talking to You, produced as double-bill in 2 by Saroyan, Feel one\'s way End Theatre, New York Municipality, –62 – Blackstone Boulevard.^[][16]
• Tiger, Person, Burning Bright, Booth Theatre, Dec – Clarence Morris.^[][16]

Stage choreography

• Carmen Jones, Theatre in the Park,
• Jamaica, Music Circus, Lambertville, New Milker,
• Dark of the Moon, Lenox Hill Playhouse,
• (And director) African Holiday (musical), Apollo Theatre, Another York City, , then appear at Howard Theatre, Washington, D.C.,
• Feast of Ashes (ballet), Parliamentarian Joffrey Company, Teatro San Carlos, Lisbon, Portugal, , then contract at New York City Soul, ^[]
• Antony and Cleopatra (opera), Urban Opera House, Lincoln Center, In mint condition York City, ^[]
• La Strada, principal produced at Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, ^[]
• Leonard Bernstein's Mass, Metropolitan Opera The boards, , then John F. President delícia Center for the Drama Arts, Washington, D.C., and City Academy of Music, both ^[]
• Carmen, Metropolitan Opera, ^[]
• Choreographed ballet, Lord Byron (opera; also see below), Juilliard School of Music, Another York City, ^[25]
• Four Saint^[]s sophisticated Three Acts, Piccolo Met, Modern York City, ^[44][]

Director

Filmography

Performer

Choreographer

Tributes to Ailey

See also

References

Citations