Wu lien teh biography definition

Malayan physician (–)

This article in your right mind about the Malayan Chinese dr.. For the editor of Liangyou magazine, see The Young Companion.

In this Chinese name, the kinship name is Wu.

Wu Lien-teh (Chinese: 伍連德; pinyin: Wǔ Liándé; Jyutping: Ng⁵ Lin⁴ Dak¹; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gó͘ Liân-tek; Goh Lean Tuck be proof against Ng Leen Tuck in Minnan and Cantonesetransliteration respectively; 10 Hike – 21 January ) was a Malayanphysician renowned for sovereign work in public health, especially the Manchurian plague of – He is the inventor work out the Wu mask, which deterioration the forerunner of today's N95 respirator.

Wu was the supreme medical student of Chinese stock to study at the Rule of Cambridge.^[2] He was besides the first Malayan nominated backing the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, in ^[3]

Life tube education

Wu was born in Penang, one of the three towns of the Straits Settlements (the others being Malacca and Singapore), currently as one of birth states of Malaysia. The Distress Settlements formed part of illustriousness colonies of the United Territory. His father was a brand-new immigrant from Taishan, China, add-on worked as a goldsmith.^[4][5] Wu's mother's was of Hakka rash and was a second-generation Peranakan born in Malaya.^[6] Wu challenging four brothers and six sisters. His early education was move away the Penang Free School, unornamented Church of England school.^[5]

Wu was admitted to Emmanuel College, City in ,^[7] after winning leadership Queen's Scholarship.^[4] The women flowerbed his family made him neat as a pin version of his college’s cat crest in Perakanan beadwork chimp a leaving gift.^[8][9] He abstruse a successful career at tradition, winning virtually all the lean prizes and scholarships. His longhair clinical years were spent watch St Mary's Hospital, London tell off he then continued his studies at the Liverpool School be defeated Tropical Medicine (under Sir Ronald Ross), the Pasteur Institute, City University, and the Selangor Institute.^[4]

Wu returned to the Straits Settlements in Some time after depart, he married Ruth Shu-chiung Huang, whose sister was married persuade Lim Boon Keng, a doctor who promoted social and scholastic reforms in Singapore.^[5] The sisters were daughters of Wong Nai Siong, a Chinese revolutionary ruler and educator who had gripped to the area from in front of ^[5]

Wu and his family pompous to China in ^[5] Aside his time in China, Wu's wife and two of their three sons died.^[5] While Line Huang lived in Peking, Wu started a second family on the run Shanghai with Marie Lee Sukcheng, whom he had met importance Manchuria.^[2] Wu had four lineage with Lee.

During the Altaic invasion of Manchuria, in Nov , Wu was detained prosperous interrogated by the Japanese directorate under suspicion of being exceptional Chinese spy.^[5]

In , during representation Japanese occupation of much help China and the retreat medium the Nationalists, Wu was false to flee, returning to decency Settlements to live in Ipoh. His home and all ancient Chinese medical books were burnt.^[10][5]

In Wu was captured by way of Malayan left-wing resistance fighters topmost held for ransom. Then fair enough nearly was prosecuted by glory Japanese for supporting the refusal movement by paying the redemption, but was protected by accepting treated a Japanese officer.^[5]

Career

In Sept , Wu joined the Association for Medical Research in Kuala Lumpur as the first test student. However, there was rebuff specialist post for him being, at that time, a two-tier medical system in the Country colonies provided that only Brits nationals could hold the farthest positions of fully qualified analeptic officers or specialists. Wu done in or up his early medical career rotten beri-beri and roundworms (Ascarididae) a while ago entering private practice toward excellence end of in Chulia Track, George Town, Penang.^[6]

Opium

Wu was unembellished vocal commentator on the general issues of the time. Shoulder the early s, he became friends with Lim Boon Keng and Song Ong Siang, shipshape and bristol fashion lawyer who was active bind developing Singapore's civil society. Subside joined them in editing The Straits Chinese Magazine.^[5] With reward friends, Wu founded the Anti-Opium Association in Penang. He union a nationwide anti-opium conference oppress the spring of that was attended by approximately people.^[11][5] That attracted the attention of say publicly powerful forces involved in ethics lucrative trade of opium take up, in , this led run alongside a search and subsequent determining of one ounce of colour of opium in Wu's convalescent home, for which he was guilty and fined.^[5]

In , Dr Wu accepted the then Grand Member of parliament Yuan Shikai's offer to junction the Vice Director of position Imperial Army Medical College, notify known as the Army Checkup College, based in Tianjin, hassle This was established to address doctors for the Chinese Army.^[4]

Pneumonic plague

In the winter of , Wu was given instructions be different the Foreign Office of influence Imperial Qing court^[12] in Peking, to travel to Harbin approval investigate an unknown disease dump killed % of its victims.^[13] This was the beginning reminiscent of the large pneumonic plague wideranging of Manchuria and Mongolia, which ultimately claimed 60, lives.^[14]

Wu was able to conduct a necropsy (usually not accepted in Mate at the time) on efficient Japanese woman who had dreary of the plague.^[5][15] Having distinct via the autopsy that rank plague was spreading by wind, Wu developed surgical masks ways more substantial masks with layers of gauze and cotton up filter the air.^[16][17] Gérald Mesny, a prominent French doctor who had come to replace Wu, refused to wear a camouflage and died days later get on to the plague.^[15][16][5] The mask was widely produced, with Wu administrative the production and distribution advice 60, masks in a late epidemic, and it featured cranium many press images.^[18][16]

Wu initiated practised quarantine, arranged for buildings vision be disinfected, and the decrepit plague hospital to be destroyed down and replaced.^[5] The amount that Wu is best imperishable for was in asking fit in imperial sanction to cremate scourge victims.^[5] It was impossible signify bury the dead because glory ground was frozen, and illustriousness bodies could only be willing of by soaking them generate paraffin and burning them admission pyres.^[4] Cremation of these out of sorts victims turned out to write down the turning point of character epidemic; days after cremations began, plague began to decline ground within months it had antediluvian eradicated.^[19]

Wu chaired the International Calamity Conference in Mukden (Shenyang) sentence April , a historic bar attended by scientists from interpretation United States of America, integrity United Kingdom of Great Kingdom and Ireland, France, Germany, Italia, Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, Russia, Mexico, and China.^[20][21] The conference took place over three weeks coupled with featured demonstrations and experiments.

Wu later presented a plague investigation paper at the International Sitting of Medicine, London in Respected which was published in The Lancet in the same four weeks.

At the plague conference, epidemiologistsDanylo Zabolotny and Anna Tchourilina proclaimed that they had traced probity initial cause of the rash to Tarbagan marmot hunters who had contracted the disease carry too far the animals. A tarabagan became the conference mascot.^[20] However, Wu raised the question of reason traditional marmot hunters had distant experienced deadly epidemics before. Explicit later published a work difference that the traditional Mongol dominant Buryat hunters had established that kept their communities lock and he blamed more new Shandong immigrants to the extra (Chuang Guandong) for using labor methods that captured more sick to one's stomach animals and increased risk holdup exposure.^[22]

Later career

In , Wu became the cap director of the Manchurian Liction Service. He was a author member and first president ticking off the Chinese Medical Association (–).^[4][23]

Wu led the efforts to face the cholera pandemic in excellence north-east of China.^[5]

In , noteworthy was appointed a trustee nominate the 'Nanyang Club' in Penang by Cheah Cheang Lim, advance with Wu Lai Hsi, Parliamentarian Lim Kho Seng, and Shapely Chong Eang. The 'Nanyang Club', an old house in Beiping, China, provided convenient accommodation locate overseas Chinese friends.^[11]

In the tough he became the first leader of the National Quarantine Service.^[4]

Around , Wu moved back kind-hearted Malaya and continued to outmoded as a general practitioner harvest Ipoh.^[5]

Wu collected donations to incline the Perak Library (Now decency Tun Razak Library) in Ipoh, a free-lending public library, good turn donated to Shanghai City Haunt and the University of Hong Kong.^[5]

Wu was a mandarin befit the second rank^{[clarification needed]} splendid sat on advisory committees misjudge the League of Nations. Good taste was given awards by distinction Czar of Russia and prestige President of France, and was awarded honorary degrees by A surname or plural of "John" Hopkins University, Peking University, Custom of Hong Kong, and Rule of Tokyo.^[4][5]

Death and commemoration

Wu experienced medicine until his death deed the age of He locked away bought a new house clear up Penang for his retirement president had just completed his holdup autobiography, Plague Fighter, the Journals of a Modern Chinese Physician.^[13] On 21 January , let go died of a stroke time in his home in Penang.^[6]

A road named after Wu stem be found in Ipoh Grounds South, a middle-class residential stand-in in Ipoh. In Penang, capital residential area named Taman Wu Lien Teh is located obstruct the Penang Free School.^[24] Jagged that school, his alma mom, a house has been name after him. There is deft Dr. Wu Lien-teh Society, Penang.^[25][26]

The Wu Lien-teh Collection, which comprises 20, books, was given overstep Wu to the Nanyang Academia, which later became part catch the National University of Singapore.^[6]

The Art Museum of the Sanitarium of Malaya has a grade of Wu's paintings.^[5]

In , Wu's daughter, Dr. Yu-lin Wu, obtainable a book about her cleric, Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-teh, Plague Fighter.^[27]

In , the Wu Lien-Teh Institute opened at Harbin Medical University.^[15] In , The Lancet launched an annual Wakley-Wu Lien Teh Prize in glance of Wu and the publication's founding editor, Thomas Wakley.^[28]

Dr. Wu Lien-teh is regarded as primacy first person to modernise China's medical services and medical upbringing. In Harbin Medical University, brunette statues of him commemorate emperor contributions to public health, inhibitive medicine, and medical education.^[29]

Places forename after Wu Lien-Teh

Commemoration during influence COVID pandemic

Wu's work in rectitude field of epidemiology had contemporaneous relevance during the COVID pandemic.^[16][26][30]

In May , Dr. Yvonne Ho united the 22 known "medical and scientific descendants" of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh for a recording conference meeting spanning 14 cities around the world.^[31][32] In July , some of these medicine roborant and scientific descendants collaborated put in plain words publish an article to respect Dr. Wu's lifetime work oppress public health.^[33] In August , a second group of Wu's medical and scientific descendants collaborated on a similar piece.^[34]

In Tread , Wu was honoured co-worker a Google Doodle, depicting Wu assembling surgical masks and doling out them to reduce the venture of disease transmission.^[35][36][37]

References

Further reading

• Wu Lien-Teh, Plague Fighter: The Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Physician. Cambridge. (Reprint: Areca Books. ISBN&#;)
• Yang, S. "Dr. Wu Lien-teh favour the national maritime quarantine unit of China in s". Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi –
• Wu Yu-Lin. Memories of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh: Plague Fighter. World Methodical Pub Co &#;
• Flohr, Carsten. "The plague fighter: Wu Lien-teh extract the beginning of the Asian public health system". Annals closing stages Science –80
• Gamsa, Mark. "The Prevalent of Pneumonic Plague in Manchuria –". Past & Present –
• Lewis H. Mates, ‘Lien-Teh, Wu’, intrude Douglas Davies with Lewis Revolve. Mates (eds), Encyclopedia of Cremation (Ashgate, ): – Lien-Teh, Wu
• Penang Free School archive PFS Online

External links